The Actuarial Climate Index France - ICAF is an innovation carried out by the research teams of CNP Assurances and the DIALog Chair [1] . It is the adaptation to French climate data of the Actuaries Climate Index™ (ACI) [2] resulting from the work of North American actuaries. Like the Consumer Price Index - CPI, this index can be seen as a basket of climatic and meteorological extremes.
For reasons of comparability, the index formula has been kept as developed by their American and Canadian predecessors. However, unlike the North American and Australian indices, the climate data of the Iberian and French indices have been observed with a very high level of geographical precision. In this paper, we switzerland phone number list present the results of calculations carried out on geographical areas of 0.25 degrees of latitude by 0.25 degrees of longitude. This allows the study of small-scale regional differences, differences by season or even by component (temperature, precipitation, etc.).
Climate components of interest and actuarial climate index
The ICAF, like the ACI, is composed of 6 climate variables of interest: heat spikes, cold spikes, precipitation, drought, wind, and sea level change . Apart from sea level, the other 5 variables are not interested in averages but in extreme values. For example, the temperature metrics are not concerned with the average temperature of a month, but with the frequency of particularly hot or cold temperatures.
The reason for this choice is that an average would erase the extremes which nevertheless lead to much more dramatic consequences for property and people than an average increase in temperature, precipitation, etc. To illustrate our point, let us note that the anomalies in the frequency of extreme maximum temperatures change by region in France, between the summer of 2011, the summer of 2016 and the summer of 2020.