The stories of the inhabitants [11] and street art bear witness to this: the lagoon and its seahorses, almost disappeared from the waters, have invaded the neighboring municipalities. But the scope of the law has really modified the symbolic order while initiating effective changes ; following citizen demonstrations, Spain has initiated a restoration plan with a budget of 675 million euros for the period 2022-2026 [12] . Finally, thanks to the national and international echo of this Law, local associations have become essential interlocutors of public action.
In addition to these indirect south korea phone number list effects, once the implementing decree of the Law is published, there may be effects more directly linked to the Mar Menor Law. The implementing decree will make it possible to set up the Mar Menor supervisory committee, where , unlike traditional institutions, scientific and citizen voices will be in the majority [13] . Citizens will also be able to file complaints directly on behalf of the Mar Menor. Finally, in a context where, encouraged by agro-industrial lobbies, alternative narratives are proliferating [ 14] , some residents hope that a major trial of the Mar Menor will reconstruct the authentic history of the environment. The imminent entry of a lagoon before the courts would then mark a major event for the emergence of European rights of nature .
However , these rights of nature promise more than they currently deliver and, consequently, this promise can only be judged in the longer term . The regeneration of the environment is a slow process [15] , establishing new institutions takes time and resistance remains strong. It is therefore over the long term that research will have to provide answers to the question of the effectiveness of the rights of nature.
However, it seems clear that after the Mar Menor, it is no longer a question of asking whether the rights of nature are possible in Europe . In the face of the ecological emergency, it is perhaps not only a question of asking whether the rights of nature are effective . The real question is rather to seek to increase their effectiveness, through rigorous and inventive research, critical and in solidarity with citizen initiatives.